Shankara's commentary:-
Page
489: "The knower of Brahman wears no signs. Page 500 asks in effect "Tell us what you
know, show it, and let us examine it under the mental microscope." It
means we must bring notions and beliefs out of vagueness into clearness. It
also criticizes the mystics who claim superior knowledge but who cannot
communicate it for purposes of verification.
On
page 482: On Gnani: "The knower of Brahman wears no signs. Gives up the
insignia of a monk's life,…his signs are not manifest, nor his behavior."
It
is no use seeing God everywhere. One must see consciousness, the same soul, the
same self, everywhere, and then he will treat all people alike, with equal
beneficence.
Seeker
has to do his duty, work to set society right, and he should not remain inactive
in practical life within practical world.
Those who sit in a cave and ashrams will no doubt be happy but it is
their personal happiness limited to their individuality, whereas Gnana seeks
welfare of all because it leads to self-awareness and brings unity in diversity
in everyone’s understanding. .
The
individual life is nothing to do with self because the individual life is
reality within the waking experience, which is a mere object to the formless
subject.
Monkhood
or orthodoxy which prescribes certain way of discipline and wearing religious robe
and indulging in religious rituals and celibacy are not qualification for
acquiring self-knowledge because the individual conducts and deeds are not
based on the false self within the false experience whereas the self is not an
individual but it is universal because it pervades in everything and everywhere
in all the three states.
There
is no wisdom realizing the ultimate Truth. By realizing the self is not and
individual perceiving the world within the waking experience but self is the
formless witness of the three states, which is beyond the sense of form, time
and space. The self is formless consciousness which exits prior to the
appearance of the mind also it prevails after the disappearance of the mind,
which is in the form of universe or waking.
Yoga
may alleviate one's individual trouble because it is based on individuality, but
it is not concerned with the whole. It is concerned only with the part. One will not get the truth without inquiring in to the world confronts
him. Yoga leads to hallucinated fixed
ideas or delusions.
The
very purpose of analyzing the world confronts one is to discover that it is
part of the ultimate reality and thus to enable one to carry on with activity
from the highest possible viewpoint; where people fail to make this analysis,
as with so many religious, yogic and intellectual minded seekers, they fail to
do anything worthwhile in the material universe.
To
effect this discrimination, one must be receptive and sharp enough to grasp the
existence of formless witness which is ever apart from the three states, which
comes and goes in succession the . Religious and yoga are based on
individuality whereas the wisdom is based on universality.
Nothing
is to be renounced in order to realize the ultimate truth or Brahman because
the practical life within the practical world itself is falsehood form the
ultimate standpoint. The self-knowledge is the knowledge of the whole not the
part. Therefore universe, which confronts one, has to be included in the
inquiry to get the truth of the whole. Thus ‘WHO AM ’I’ inquiry is helpful in
unfolding the half. Thus WHO AM ‘I’?, inquiry is helpful
in the first stage but seeker has
to go much beyond ‘WHO AM’I’ ?. Seeker has to do his own homework to realize the truth of the whole.
If one ignores the world confronts him, then
he will not get wisdom. The whole world confronts him must be known; if he
gives up the world, what and how can he understand the truth of it? Weak minds cannot take a comprehensive view
and so decry what they cannot understand.
As
the ascetics and yogis, there is no need for getting aversion to practical
world; on the contrary one should go on living in the world, acting, working,
etc. that he should accept life as it presents.
There
is no need to renounce the practical life to realize ultimate truth or Brahman.
To realize the inner most self, which is
consciousness is nothing to do with practical life because it is neither the
waking entity nor the dream entity but is the formless substance and witness of
all the three states. And all the three
states are one in essence. Thus limiting
the self to the waking entity and waking experience is cause of the
ignorance. Ignorance makes one feel the
waking entity is the real self and waking world as reality.
Until
one holds the waking entity and waking world as reality the truth realization
is impossibility.
Preliminary
inquiry reveals the fact that, self is not the body than how can one get truth
on the base of the false self. When the
body is not the self than it is erroneous to view, judge and conclude the truth
on the base of the body or waking entity is erroneous. The truth has to be based on the self, which
is bodiless or formless. Thus whatever seen, known, believed and
experienced as person of the world within the waking experience is bound to be
false hood because the waking experience itself is falsehood. Thus
it is necessary for the seeker to become aware of the formless witness of the
three states which comes and goes in succession. The witness only witnesses the coming and
going of the three states, it is nothing to do with individual experiences
happening within the waking or dream.
When the self is formless than what is it that sees the waking, dream
and deep sleep state?
The
dream is witnessed as a whole the dream entity is not the experience of the
dream entity because the dream entity was within the dream world. Likewise the
waking experience also witnessed as a whole and the waking entity is within
waking world thus it is necessary to realize the existence of the formless
witness which is within the three states but it is apart from the three states.
It is within the three states as their formless substance and it is apart from
the three states as their formless witness.
The formless substance and witness are one in
essence. Thus that essence is consciousness. Therefore the three states are
mere mirage created out of consciousness.
Thus consciousness alone is real and all the diversities within the
waking experience is as falsehood as of the dream. Thus the three states are product of
ignorance. Until the ignorance dominates they prevail as reality. When the ignorance vanishes through wisdom
their unreal nature is exposed.
WHO
AM ‘I’ AND ‘I AM THAT’ is only for a lower stage where one gives up externally
in order expose the false nature of the ego, which is not full truth. To get
ultimate truth one has to inquire into
the nature of the mind, which is in the form of universe. Inquiring into the nature the mind or universe
is higher. Thus ‘WHO AM ‘I’? or ‘I AM
THAT’ is not complete and the journey
is incomplete.
First
one has to mentally detach the three states from the formless witness, as
unaffected by coming and going of the three states. And then – the formless
witness and the three states are one in essence. That essence is
consciousness. Thus everything is
consciousness and nothing exist other than consciousness.
People
stop their pursuit of truth at the ‘WHO AM ‘I’? or ‘I AM THAT’ , which is
incomplete and keeps them in the grip of individuality and individuality leads
then to intellectuality.
Seeker
will complete his pursuit of truth only when realize the truth of the whole
that is inquiring in to the nature of the mind or universe.
Others
Blessings are not the means for realizing the truth; blessings are religious
fable nothing to with the ultimate truth. A Gnani neither blesses nor curses.
That
the ancient sages had miraculous occult power and books relate stories of their
feats, are fairy tales were meant for children, women and those whose minds had
not developed. Mythological contains stories of people with 10 with seven heads
etc., which are fables, yet are taken seriously by pundits. All these stories are reality within the
waking experience and waking experience itself falsehood from ultimate
standpoint.
The
yogi in Samadhi fails to see non-duality? Because he believes there is
happiness to come to him from Samadhi. That shows he does not know truth, but
still seeks bliss as something apart from his-self.
The
common people draw a wrong inference in thinking a Gnani must ascetically
reject the world; this is only for those religious or yogic minds in the lower
rungs of the ladder.
Yoga
is to be practiced only until one attains equilibrium of mind; when this is established,
the continuance of yoga is foolish. The
indifference practiced by a seeker is external to the self, is formless; the
indifference practiced by a Gnani is purely internal, is mental.
The
greatest mistake is to think that a Gnani sees nothing. This blind reverence
for Samadhi is as valuable as revering a man who has taken a dose of
chloroform.
The
Gnani sees the essential universal unity and the multiplicity of objects
simultaneously. The person in deep sleep or Samadhi leaves out the objects and
sees the essence; hence he has not full Gnana.
One
must be soul centric to give all knowledge based on egocentric, which is cause
of the ignorance.
One
knows of dream that the dream-figures are also created out of consciousness,
not different from it; similarly when he know that everything that exists in waking experience is
consciousness and consciousness is ultimate truth or Brahman, there is no need
for yogic control of mind; control presupposes a second thing, duality. Hence
yoga is in sphere of duality and is unnecessary to one who knows non-duality.
It
is erroneous to believe the general impression is that the universe disappears
to a Gnani, that he sees nothing in Samadhi. Only by deluded persons will have
such impression? Nothing is destroyed. Only
ignorance disappears and the unreal nature of the universe is exposed. A Gnani
is fully aware of the fact with firm conviction that everything is
consciousness in the midst of duality. Being aware of the reality in the midst of
duality is called wisdom.
The
universe or waking experience will not disappear. It is there always but its unreal nature is
exposed in the midst of duality or waking experience through wisdom?
If
one thinks its mere disappearance in yogic Samadhi is ultimate truth or Brahman
then he would get it in deep sleep. Thus
yogic Samadhi is not wisdom.